Dec 17, 2015 Difference between user guide and user manual. User guide is the document written to provide assistance to the one about the ways to use a particular system. User guides are mostly related with electronic goods, computer hardware and software. It is a user’s guide especially made to provide the instructions to the users about the ways to use it. Oct 04, 2011 User guides are most commonly associated with electronic goods, computer hardware and software. Most user guides contain both a written guide and the associated images. In the case of computer applications it is usual to include screenshots of how the program should look, and hardware manuals often include clear, simplified diagrams. Key Difference: The term ‘manual’ or ‘guide’ both usually refer to a document whose main aim is to provide information or instructions. It is generally expected that guide are shorter, concise and more to the point than manual. A manual is expected to give more in-depth information and instruction than a guide.
A user guide, also commonly called a technical communication document or manual, is intended to give assistance to people using a particular system.[1] It is usually written by a technical writer, although user guides are written by programmers, product or project managers, or other technical staff, particularly in smaller companies.[2]
User guides are most commonly associated with electronic goods, computer hardware and software, although they can be written for any product.[3]
Most user guides contain both a written guide and associated images. In the case of computer applications, it is usual to include screenshots of the human-machine interface(s), and hardware manuals often include clear, simplified diagrams. The language used is matched to the intended audience, with jargon kept to a minimum or explained thoroughly.
Contents of a user manual[edit]
The sections of a user manual often include:
History[edit]
The user guide engraved into a model of the Antikythera Mechanism.
User guides have been found with ancient devices. One example is the Antikythera Mechanism[4], a 2,000 year old Greek analogue computer that was found off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera in the year 1900. On the cover of this device are passages of text which describe the features and operation of the mechanism.
As the software industry was developing, the question of how to best document software programs was undecided. This was a unique problem for software developers, since users often became frustrated with current help documents[5]. Some considerations for writing a user guide that developed at this time include:
Computer software manuals and guides[edit]
User manuals and user guides for most non-trivial software applications are book-like documents with contents similar to the above list. They may be distributed either in print or electronically. Some documents have a more fluid structure with many internal links. The Google Earth User Guide[7] is an example of this format. The term guide is often applied to a document that addresses a specific aspect of a software product. Some usages are Installation Guide, Getting Started Guide, and various How to guides. An example is the Picasa Getting Started Guide.[8]
In some business software applications, where groups of users have access to only a sub-set of the application's full functionality, a user guide may be prepared for each group. An example of this approach is the Autodesk Topobase 2010 Help[9] document, which contains separate Administrator Guides, User Guides, and a Developer's Guide.
References[edit]
See also[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_guide&oldid=920529835'
Getting Started with NegotiationsUsing Oracle Sourcing
If you are a Sourcing Buyer, see Getting Started for Buyers.
If you are a Sourcing Supplier, see Getting Started for Suppliers.
Difference Between User Manual And User Guide
If you are responsible for administering the Sourcing system, see Getting Started for the Sourcing Super User.
Getting Startedfor Buyers
As a Sourcing Buyer you have access to a wide range functionality with Oracle Sourcing. You can create a request for information (RFIs), request for quotations (RFQs), and Buyer's Auction. If your system is integrated with Oracle Purchasing, you can also use requisition information contained in Oracle Purchasing to create draft RFQs and auctions which you can then complete and submit using Oracle Sourcing. You can monitor your negotiations in real time and communicate with participants using online discussions.
Getting Started for Suppliers
Oracle Sourcing Suppliers can use the product functionality to quickly locate and respond to negotiations. Sourcing Buyers (along with the Sourcing Super User), can invite you to register with the system. Once you receive a registration invitation and have registered and been approved, you can start participating in negotiations.
Getting Started for the Sourcing Super User
If you are the Oracle Sourcing Super User, you are responsible for setting up and maintaining your company's system. Many setup tasks were probably performed during implementation, however you may wish to do any of the following:
See the Oracle Sourcing Administration and Maintenance Guide for details on how to perform these tasks.
Getting Started for the Sourcing Collaborator
As a Sourcing Collaborator, you must have Oracle Sourcing, or Oracle Procurement Contracts licensed, and ready to use. The Sourcing Collaborator responsibility enables you to work with the Sourcing team to contribute to negotiation creation, quote review, and awarding. Your responsibility enables you to perform all tasks as a Sourcing buyer, except that you cannot create new negotiations (RFI, RFQ, or Auction): either from scratch, or by copying an existing negotiation.
Frequently Asked Questions: Oracle SourcingWhat is Oracle Sourcing
Oracle Sourcing offers flexible negotiation capabilities to buyers and sellers, enabling them to efficiently obtain the best possible prices for goods and services. Prices are established based on actual supply and demand at the time the negotiation is transacted.
The four different types of sourcing documents available - requests for quotations (RFQs), requests for information (RFIs), and buyer's auctions. Buyers use real-time interaction to obtain information on suppliers' products and services, and then use that information to create negotiations that drive prices based not only on price, but on lead times, quantity, and item-specific attributes. Buyers and sellers, who might never meet face-to-face, can bypass intermediaries and establish relationships that might not have been possible using more traditional methods of buying and selling.
Common Functionality
All sourcing document types have the following common functionality to simplify the negotiation creation process:
RFIs
Oracle Sourcing allows buyers to qualify a wide group of suppliers and their products and services using RFIs. Buyers can use the information obtained to subsequently conduct an RFQ or buyer's auction.
RFQs
Negotiations supports the full RFQ business process. RFQs enable buyers to request quotes from suppliers for complex and hard-to-define items or services such as make-to-order manufacturing items or construction projects.
Learn more about RFQs.
Auctions
Auctions supports the complete auction process from auction creation to final award to purchase order generation. Auctions enable buyers to solicit bids for goods and services that are clearly defined, such as office furniture or memory chips.
Learn more about auctions.
Use the following table to determine which type of negotiation best suits your business needs. These recommendations should only be used as guidelines. Your specific needs may dictate that you use a negotiation type that has not been specifically recommended for the scenarios listed below.
Guidelines for choosing a negotiation type
Negotiation Types
The four types of negotiations are Requests for Information (RFIs), Requests for Quotes (RFQs), and auctions. See the table below to help you determine which type of negotiation to create.
Comparison of the negotiation types:
Negotiation Styles
The buyer can choose from three types of negotiations:
Start Price and Target Price
When creating a new RFQ or auction, you can optionally set a start price and target price for every line in the negotiation. The start price is the maximum price you are willing to pay for one unit of item. The target price is the price you hope to pay for one unit of an item. You can elect to display the target price to participants. If you specify a start price, all responding must begin at that price or lower. If suppliers respond with a price higher than the start, they receive an error message.
Using Shortcuts to Create a Sourcing Document
There are many ways you can streamline the creation of sourcing documents:
Copying an existing document You can copy documents that you, or any other users in your organization, have previously created. The details of the document such as the controls, terms and conditions, item information, and invitation list are copied into a new document which you can edit if necessary.
Using document templates If many of the negotiations you create contain the same features, you may want to create a template that you can use each time you create a sourcing document. This allows you to standardize business practices and save time. Your template will contain the features that are similar among the negotiations you commonly create. When you create a document using a template, you simply open the template and add to or edit details of the template as necessary.
If you are assigned the Manage Sourcing Document Templates job function, you can also create and manage public templates in addition to your private ones. The public document templates will be available for every Sourcing buyer at your company.
Using negotiation styles Your Sourcing Administrator can define document styles that become available for use by buyers. A negotiation style can exclude certain Oracle Sourcing features. For example, a style could be defined that does not allow the use of Requirements or attributes. Once a feature has been removed, the associated regions and fields do not appear on the product pages thus streamlining the appearance.
Using Reusable Attribute Lists
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Attribute lists can streamline the document creation process while providing standardization for negotiation items. If you are assigned the Manage Attribute List job function, you can create attribute lists for use by all Sourcing buyers at your company. An attribute list is a grouping of attributes that are commonly used together to describe a good or service.
Using Reusable Invitation Lists
You can create Reusable Invitation Lists containing names of suppliers who you frequently invite to your negotiations. Invitation lists can be shared across the company. This can help you standardize your business practice as well as speed up the negotiation creation process.
If you are assigned the Manage Invitation List job function, you can create and manage public Reusable Attribute Lists, in addition to your private ones. The public lists will be available for Sourcing buyers at your company.
Using spreadsheets
You can download and use spreadsheets to efficiently create and award RFQs and auctions having many line items.
Using draft RFQs/auctions
You can create and save an auction intending to submit it later. These draft documents also allow multiple collaborators to work on the same document.
Creating RFQs/auctions using Autocreate
If your company has licensed both Oracle Purchasing and Oracle Sourcing, you can use the Autocreate feature of Oracle Purchasing to select and group requisitions to create draft RFQs or auctions.
Using the Spreadsheet Functionality
Both buyers and suppliers can utilize the spreadsheet functionality to save time when creating or Quoting/Bidding on multi-line item negotiations. Buyers can efficiently create and award RFQs and auctions while suppliers can also use this functionality to assist in bidding in auctions or submitting quotes for RFQs.
Responding to the Same Negotiation
. All registered users in a company can bid on the same auction, provided that:
Depending on the auction style, the bidders will be able to see different information as shown below:
Note:Two people from the same cannot quote in the same RFQ.
Changing the Close Date of a Published Negotiation
If you set the response controls appropriately, you can manually close a negotiation before its published close time. Also, you can manually extend a negotiation or allow AutoExtend to automatically trigger one or more extensions.
Additionally, you can pause and resume a negotiation for a short period of time if you need to clarify supplier questions.
Retracting a Response
If a supplier has submitted a response, the supplier can contact the buyer and ask to have the response disqualified. Disqualification, however, is up to the discretion of the buyer.
Creating an Attribute Based Negotiation
Attribute based negotiations enable buyers to define multiple item-specific characteristics, called item attributes, that allow bidders/suppliers not only to respond to the price, quantity, and delivery, but also to other features salient to each item. Depending on the setting chosen during the negotiation creation, these attributes can be either required, optional, or display only.
Item attributes and their responses comprise the heart of the RFI process. When creating an RFI, buyers define attributes for negotiation items. These attributes represent important aspects of the item for which the buyers need information from their suppliers. Suppliers reply to the item attribute, in essence 'answering' the buyer's question. The buyer then uses the suppliers' responses to qualify the group of suppliers and to determine the best set of suppliers with which to later conduct a negotiation.
Awarding Business to Bids or Quotes from the Previous Round When a New Draft Exists
Once you save a new round of Quoting/Bidding, the system automatically updates the status of the previous round to Round Completed. Negotiations with Round Completed are not available for awarding.
However, you can delete the draft for the new round from the Manage Draft Negotiations page. The system automatically updates the status of the previous round to Closed, making it available for award.
Understanding Auction or RFQ Item Numbers
Item numbers and item revisions appear if the negotiation item is AutoCreated from a requisition line having an item from the item master. Negotiations lines entered directly in Oracle Sourcing can include item numbers and item revisions if the item information was retrieved from the Item Master.
Canceling a Negotiation with Backing Requisitions in PO
As soon as you cancel a negotiation with backing requisitions, the requisitions become available again to AutoCreate in Oracle Purchasing. New buyers can then manage the requisitions as needed. The old Sourcing negotiation number remains on the requisition line until a buyer creates a new negotiation using the requisition.
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Working with Multi-Attribute Scoring
In a price-only negotiation, suppliers can quote/bid on price, quantity, delivery dates and attributes of an item, however, the system ranks the supplier only on the basis of price. In a Multi-Attribute Weighted Scoring negotiation, item attributes can be scored and weighted. The winning response is decided based on the buyer's definitions of the relative importance of item attributes, reflected in the Price-to-Total-Score.
In both price-only and Multi-Attribute Weighted Scoring negotiation, the buyer can still award the negotiation to any supplier regardless of the Price to Total Score ratio values.
Multi-Attribute Weighted Scoring is the ability for a buyer to use customizable attributes to define a product or service in a quantifiable manner. This allows the buyer to define the relative importance of each attribute by assigning weights to these attributes and scores to expected values for each attribute.
Each weight assigned to an item attribute is a number between one and 100 that represents the importance of that attribute compared to other item attributes. The higher the weight, the more important the attribute to the item.
Scores are numbers between zero and 100 and are assigned to each possible attribute value or range of values. The higher the score, the more desirable the attribute value or range of values. Scores represent the desirability of that attribute value or range of values compared to other values. The goal of scoring is to motivate a respondent to respond with quotes/bids most closely matching the desired attribute values.
Weights and scores can be assigned to the custom attributes, quantity, or need-by date. Custom attributes having weights and scores are called weighted attributes and require a response. As responses are received, the system calculates a weighted score for each attribute response and a Total Score for the item. It then ranks the scores for the same item from different respondents based on a Price to Total Score ratio.
Accepting Negotiation Responses in Multiple Currencies
When you create a new negotiation, the negotiation currency defaults to the ledger currency defined for your operating unit. However, you can allow bids or quotes in currencies other than the negotiation currency. Whenever you view the responses you have received, the system will automatically convert the responses to the negotiation currency.
Though suppliers in a multi-currency negotiation can submit responses in several currencies, they are allowed to respond in only one currency per response.
Inviting Companies to Participate in a Negotiation
You can invite suppliers to participate in your negotiation by selecting them from the Supplier Master or by applying predefined invitation lists. Invitations are automatically sent to each supplier.
For a public negotiation, you are not required to send invitations to any suppliers. Vw mk2 bentley manual pdf download. However, you might want to send invitations to increase specific suppliers' awareness of your negotiation and encourage participation.
If the supplier (or a supplier contact) has created a group email list that includes all the individuals who should receive the negotiation notifications, you can enter the address in the Additional Contact Email field during negotiation creation.
Receiving Notifications
Notifications are used to communicate specific events to users.
Receiving Reminder E-mail Notifications
If companies do not acknowledge participation by a certain time, they receive a reminder email notification once the negotiation has opened for either previewing or responding. When the reminder gets sent depends on the duration of the negotiation. The negotiation duration is the length of time between either the preview date (if the buyer specified one) or the open date, and the close date.
Notes:
Acknowledging Intent to Participate Before Submitting Responses
Suppliers are encouraged to acknowledge their participation intention after they receive the invitation email. Such acknowledgments are intended to enhance communication between buyers and suppliers and inform buyers of the potential participation. It is not mandatory to acknowledge your intent before submitting responses.
Responding to a Negotiation that your company owns
You cannot respond to any negotiation that your company owns.
Inviting Additional Suppliers to an Auction or RFQ
Any user assigned the appropriate job function canadd suppliers to an RFQ or auctionany time before the close date and time.
Checking Created Purchase Orders after Completing Auction or RFQ
There are various ways to check which purchase orders were created.
Getting Started with RFQs
RFQs supports the full business process to solicit quotes from suppliers. The suppliers' responses to the RFQ allow the buyer to compare quotes and negotiate the best price and specifications for the good or service. RFQs enable buyers to collect quotes from suppliers for complex and hard-to-define items or services. Once suppliers have submitted an initial round of quotes, buyers can review quotes and award the RFQ or submit a modified RFQ for another round of quoting.
User Guide Vs User Manual
Steps in the RFQ process include:
RFQ Capabilities
Getting Started with Auctions
Auctions offers complete, flexible auction capabilities to buyers so they can efficiently obtain the best possible price for goods and services. Prices are established based on actual supply and demand at the time the auction is transacted. Auctions allow real-time interaction to drive dynamic prices based on information that extends beyond price to include lead times, quantity and item-specific attributes. Because most auctions are open for short periods of time, the bidding process moves quickly which results in increased competition.
Steps in the auction process include:
Auction features include:
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